Audio 2 (PL2)

Study circle participants trace how hadith, sunna and jurisprudence displaced free inquiry in Muslim learning, likening it to church tradition overtaking the gospel, and argue that one should turn to God rather than hadith to understand the Quran. They weigh engineering ethics against utilitarian and consumer values, then study Sura 1, reading the straight path as the path of the righteous and the hypocrites as a subset of the disbelievers.